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A presidential election was held in Uzbekistan on 23 December 2007.[1]
Incumbent Islam Karimov's term was considered to have ended on 22 January 2007, based on the Constitution of Uzbekistan, but the electoral legislation states that "an election must be held in December of the year in which the president's term expires"; this de facto extension of Karimov's term to eight years has been heavily criticised by the opposition.[2]
Although Karimov was widely considered to be constitutionally ineligible for another term, analysts expected him to remain in power. Of the six candidates announced by September 2007, only Dilorom Toshmuhamedova of the Justice Social Democratic Party had officially filed with the Electoral Commission; there were rumours that the other five (Suhbat Abdullayev, Akbar Aliyev, Abdullo Tojiboy O‘g‘li, Axtam Shoymardonov and Jahongir Shosalimov) have been pressured into running to make Uzbekistan appear more democratic than it really is.[3] By early October, two other candidates had filed: Xurshid Do‘stmuhammad (or Do‘stmuhamedov) of the Uzbekistan National Revival Democratic Party and Axtam Tursunov of Self-Sacrifice National Democratic Party. The Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party said in early October that it intended to nominate Karimov.[4] On 6 November, Karimov was unanimously chosen as the Liberal Democratic Party's presidential candidate at a party convention in Tashkent, and Karimov accepted the nomination.[5]
| Uzbekistan |
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A legal explanation to justify Karimov's candidacy, in light of the constitutional limit of two terms for presidents, was not officially given. It was suggested that, because Karimov had only served one seven-year term (he was first elected to a five-year term, which was later extended by referendum), he is eligible to run for a second seven-year term; by this reasoning his first term would not count toward the total.[5]
On 19 November, the Chairman of the Central Election Commission, Mirza-Ulug‘bek Abdusalomov, announced that the candidacies of Karimov, Toshmuhamedova (the first woman to run in an Uzbek presidential election), Asliddin Rustamov of the Uzbekistan People's Democratic Party, and Akmal Saidov (who was nominated by a citizens' group) were approved.[6][7] Two candidates,[6] including Abdullo Tojiboy O‘g‘li,[7] were rejected by the Commission on the grounds that they had not collected enough signatures, with signatures from 5% of eligible voters being required. The Commission did not explain its reasoning in approving Karimov's candidacy.[6] Opposition groups reacted with anger and bitterness toward the Commission's decision, which they considered illegal. Aside from Karimov, the other three candidates approved by the Commission are considered friendly towards the government, and their participation was criticized as window-dressing for an election in which there was no genuine opposition.[7]
By midday on 23 December, 59.8% of eligible voters had participated according to the Central Election Commission, exceeding the 33.3% minimum participation rate to make the election valid.[8] Preliminary official results released by the Central Election Commission on December 24 showed Karimov winning with 88.1% of the vote, on a turnout rate that was placed at 90.6%.[1] Rustamov was placed second with 3.17%, followed by Toshmuhamedova with 2.94% and Saidov with 2.85%.[9]
While the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) had a team of 21 observers in the country, it officially considered the elections "pointless due to the obvious limited nature of the competition".[10] The OSCE observers criticized the election as lacking a "genuine choice", and OSCE spokesperson Urður Gunnarsdóttir said that the "election was held in a very controlled political environment, which did not really leave much room for real opposition and this election failed to meet many of the commitments that OSCE states have made to hold democratic elections." She also said that the seemingly positive presence of four candidates in the election had been undermined by the other candidates' endorsement of Karimov.[1] The OSCE also questioned the official turnout figure of 90.6%.[10]
Observers from the Commonwealth of Independent States[1][10] and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization gave the election a positive assessment.[1]
Karimov was sworn in for his new term on January 16, 2008, saying on the occasion that he would "mobilize all my power, knowledge and experience to fully implement all our priority goals set out in the election program".[11]
| Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Islam Karimov (Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party) | 13,008,357 | 90.77 | |
| Asliddin Rustamov (Uzbekistan People's Democratic Party) | 468,064 | 3.27 | |
| Dilorom Toshmuhamedova (Justice Social Democratic Party) | 434,111 | 3.03 | |
| Akmal Saidov (independent) | 420,815 | 2.94 | |
| Valid votes | 14,331,347 | 100.00 | |
| Invalid votes | 434,097 | 2.94 | |
| Total votes (turnout 90.6%) | 14,765,444 | ||
| Source: elections.uz | |||
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